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Syrian towns and villages depopulated in the Arab–Israeli conflict
Pre-1967 Syrian towns and villages on the Golan Heights
Before the Six-Day War and Yom Kippur War, the Golan Heights comprised 312 inhabited areas, including 2 towns, 163 villages, and 108 farms. In 1966, the Syrian population of the Golan Heights was estimated at 147,613.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/almarsad.pdf )〕 Israel seized about 70% of the Golan Heights in the closing stages of the Six-Day War.〔Murphy & Gannon 2008, p. 24〕 Many of these residents fled during the fighting,〔(BBC News, Regions and territories: The Golan Heights )〕 or were driven out by the Israeli army,〔(【引用サイトリンク】archivedate= 2012-02-18 )〕〔 and some were evacuated by the Syrian army.〔 A cease-fire line was established and large parts of the region came under Israeli military control, including the town of Quneitra, about 139 villages and 61 farms.〔 Of these, the ''Census of Population 1967'' conducted by the Israeli Defence Forces listed only eight, including Quneitra.〔 One of the remaining populated villages, Shayta, was partially destroyed in 1967 and a military post built in its place. Between 1971–72 it was destroyed completely, with the remaining population forcibly transferred to Mas'ade, another of the populated villages under Israeli control.〔〔Sakr Abu Fakhr, ''"Voices from the Golan"'', Journal of Palestine Studies, Vol. 29, No. 4 (Autumn, 2000), University of California Press, p. 7.〕
The Israeli Head of Surveying and Demolition Supervision for the Golan Heights proposed the demolition of 127 of the unpopulated villages, with about 90 abandoned villages to be demolished shortly after May 15, 1968.〔"The Fate of Abandoned Arab Villages, 1965–1969" by Aron Shai, ''History & Memory'' Volume 18, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2006, pp. 86–106. "As the pace of the surveys increased in the West Bank, widespread operations also began on the Golan Heights, which had been captured from Syria during the war (figure 7). Dan Urman, whose official title was Head of Surveying and Demolition Supervision for the Golan Heights, was in charge of this task. Urman submitted a list of 127 villages for demolition to his bosses. … The demolitions were executed by contractors hired for the job. Financial arrangements and coordination with the ILA and the army were recorded in detail. Davidson commissioned surveys and demolition supervision from the IASS (Archaeological Survey Society ). Thus, for example, in a letter dated 15 May 1968, he wrote to Ze'ev Yavin: 'Further to our meeting, this is to inform you that within a few days we will start demolishing about 90 abandoned villages on the Golan Heights (see attached list)."〕 The demolitions were carried out by contractors hired for the job.〔〔((2001) Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories ) J. Destruction of built-up areas and looting of property: "Following the occupation of the territory in 1967, the occupation authorities destroyed 244 villages and built-up areas in the Golan and expelled their population, sparing only five villages (Majdal Shams, Buq'ata, ‘Ayn Qunyah, Mas'ade and al-Ghajar)."〕 After the demolitions, the lands were given to Israeli settlers.〔(''"The Golan Heights under Israeli Occupation 1967–1981"'' ) p.5. "The remainder of 131 agricultural villages and 61 individual farms were wiped of the face of the earth by the Israeli occupation authorities immediately following the Israeli victory in the 1967 war. They were razed to the ground and their lands handed over to exclusive Israeli-Jewish settlement."〕 There was an effort to preserve buildings of archaeological significance and buildings useful for the planned Jewish settlements.〔
After the 1973 Yom Kippur War, parts of the occupied Golan Heights were returned to Syrian control, including Quneitra, which had changed hands several times during the war. According to a United Nations Special Committee, Israeli forces had deliberately destroyed the city before their 1974 withdrawal.〔((1974) Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Population of the Occupied Territories )〕
== Depopulated and demolished towns and villages ==
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